Sukhua Rai
A rustic Odia dry fish curry with mustard, garlic, and green chilies. The bold, smoky flavor of sukhua gets balanced by potato and a sharp mustard paste, making it a deeply satisfying side for plain rice.
For 4 servings
- prep · ~15 min
Clean the dry fish and make the mustard paste.
1.Rinse the dry fish well in water 2 to 3 times to remove excess salt and surface grit.2.Soak the dry fish in fresh water for 15 minutes, then drain well.3.Soak the mustard seeds with 2 garlic cloves and 2 green chilies in a little water for 10 minutes.4.Grind the soaked mustard mixture to a smooth paste with a little water.TIPDo not overgrind mustard seeds for too long or the paste can turn bitter. - fry · ~3 min
Fry the dry fish lightly.
Heat 1 tbsp mustard oil in a pan over medium heat. Add the drained dry fish and fry for 2 to 3 minutes until lightly crisp at the edges and aromatic, then remove to a plate.
TIPKeep the heat moderate so the fish toasts without burning. - saute · ~10 min
Cook the potato and onion base.
1.Add the remaining mustard oil to the same pan.2.Add the potato and cook for 4 to 5 minutes until lightly colored.3.Add the chopped onion and sauté until soft and lightly golden.4.Add the remaining garlic and green chilies, then cook for 1 minute. - saute · ~4 min
Add tomato and spices.
Add the tomato, turmeric powder, red chili powder, and salt. Cook for 3 to 4 minutes until the tomato softens and the masala looks glossy.
- simmer · ~10 min
Simmer with mustard paste and dry fish.
1.Lower the heat and stir in the mustard paste.2.Add the fried dry fish and mix gently to coat.3.Pour in the water and bring to a gentle simmer.4.Cover and cook for 8 to 10 minutes until the potato is tender and the gravy turns thick and semi-dry.TIPOnce the mustard paste goes in, avoid hard boiling or it may lose its sharp flavor. - serve
Serve the Sukhua Rai hot with plain rice.
What to keep in mind.
7 tips from the recipe — small details that make a real difference to the final dish.
- 1Rinse and soak the dry fish just briefly; too long a soak can wash away its smoky depth.
- 2Fry the sukhua only until the edges crisp and smell nutty, not dark brown, or it can turn tough.
- 3Grind the mustard paste smooth with garlic and chili, but stop once it is creamy to avoid bitterness.
- 4Keep the heat low after adding the mustard paste; a hard boil dulls its sharp, pungent character.
- 5Salt carefully and only after tasting the soaked fish, since dried fish already brings salinity.
- 6Let the gravy reduce to a semi-dry coating so the potato absorbs the fishy-mustard flavor fully.
- 7This tastes even better after a short rest, when the potato and fish have time to mingle with the mustard gravy.
Adapt it for your goals.
Extra-spicy
Add more green chilies or a touch more red chili powder for a fiercer version that pairs especially well with plain steamed rice.
onion freeOnion-free
Skip the onion for a sharper, more mustard-forward curry with a slightly lighter texture.
more gravyMore-gravy
Increase the water slightly and simmer a bit less if you want a looser curry to mix generously into rice.
vegetable heavyVegetable-heavy
Add cubes of pumpkin or brinjal along with potato to stretch the dish and soften the strong dry fish flavor.
Why this is on our healthy list.
Protein-Rich Fish Base
Dried fish contributes concentrated protein, making this rice-side dish more filling and satisfying.
Aromatics With Functional Value
Garlic, mustard, and green chilies add bold flavor while bringing plant compounds commonly valued in traditional cooking.
Balanced With Potato
Potato makes the dish more substantial and helps mellow the intensity of the dried fish and mustard.
Frequently asked questions
It usually turns bitter if the mustard is overground, made too far ahead, or boiled too aggressively after being added to the pan.



